Cytopathology I
Citopatologia I
Course code:68311
Eugénia Maria Marques Lucas
Learning outcomes of the curricular unit:
Upon conclusion of the course, the student must have:
Instrumental Skills:
- Identify and understand the various steps in the realization of Gynaecologic cytology
- Identify the normal cellular constituents and characteristic patterns of various pathologies associated with the female reproductive system
Systemic skills:
- Perform "spot" and/or "screening" with interpretation and preparation of report
- Interpretation of results and report writing when conducting screening
Syllabus:
- Presentation of the programme and evaluation of theoretical and practical classes. Definition of Cytology. Chronological presentation of the facts relevant to the history of Cytology. Characterization of Cytology.
- Anatomy of the female reproductive system. Definition and characterization of the cell. Characterization of various epitheliums. Characterization of squamous and glandular epithelial cells.
- Obtaining the cytological sample. Evaluation of smears. Blood cells.
- Colposcopic examination. Cytological material reception. The various processing according to the cytological material. Contaminants of the smears: cells, particles and fibres and other constituents.
- Cytological material fixation. Cytochemistry . Normal cellular/hormonal patterns. Hyperplasia and Metaplasia.
- Changes of deficiency in folic acid. Degenerative and regenerative changes. Iatrogenic changes: hormone therapy changes; carriers with IUD; surgical intervention; electrocoagulation with laser and cryotherapy; Effect of radiation.
- Inflammation. Microorganisms-bacteria: Bacillus of Doderlein, Gardnerella Vaginalis, Corynebacterium Diphtheriae, Coccus Gram-positive and Gram-negative, Actinomyces, Leptothrix vaginalis and Chlamydia.
- Fungi-Candida Albicans (Morilia) and Torulopsis glabrata. -Trichomonas parasites (Protozoa), Entamoeba Histolítica (Protozoa), Schistosomiase, Enterobius Vermicularis (Pinworm). Other parasites Trichuriasis (whipworm)-Trichuris and Taenia Solium, Taenia Saginata and Taenia Echinococus.
- Virus – herpes, Cytomegalovirus and HPV.
- Abnormalities of squamous cells. (ASCUS): low grade intraepithelial lesion;(ASCUS): high-grade intraepithelial lesion-CIN II And CIN III. Squamous carcinoma. squamous carcinoma of small and large cell type.
- Atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGUS). Adenocarcinoma in situ of endocervix. Adenocarcinoma of the endocervix.
- AGUS-endometrial cells. Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium versus adenocarcinoma of the endocervix. Adenosquamous Carcinoma.
- Therapy of cervical carcinoma
- Reviews
- 2nd Frequency
Suggested Bibliography:
- Cibas SE & Ducatman BS (2014) Cytology: diagnostic principles and clinical correlates. 4th edition
- Hoda SR & Hoda AS (2007) Fundamentals of Pap Test Cytology. Humana Press
- Koss LG (2005) Koss´ Diagnostic Cytology and Its Histologic Bases. 5th edition: Linppicot Willikams & Wilkins, Vol.
- Mckee GT (1997) Diagnostic Cytology and its histopathologic bases. 4th Edition. J.B. Lippincott, Vol. I e II
- Solomon D, Nayar R (2015) The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology – definitions, Criteria, and explanatory notes. 2th Edition, Springer